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<text>•WARBLERS: Very small to sparrow-sized birds with short, slender bills; usually yellow, olive or blue-gray. Most forage rapidly in foliage; some hawk for insects; a few walk on ground or skulk in vegetation; some bob or flick tail; a few fan tail.•WATERTHRUSHES: Ground-dwelling warblers with short, slender bills. Usually walk or run on ground near water, bobbing tail.•WAXWINGS: Crested birds clad in soft browns and grays, with yellow tips to tail feathers. Travel in flocks and have bounding flight. Feed on berries and at flowers; may hawk for insects.WOODPECKERS: Mainly black and white birds with vertical posture and strong, chisel-like bills. Hitch up tree trunks; drum on wood; have bounding flight.</text>
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<text>•WRENS: Stocky, brown birds with large heads, slightly downcurved bills, and short tails. Often skulk in vegetation; hold tail over back.• Although you do not need to know whether a bird is a songbird to identify the species, it is helpful to be familiar with this term used by birders. A black box in front of a group name indicates that its members are songbirds.</text>
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card_56812.xml
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<text>SWIFTS: Highly aerial sparrow-sized birds with long, narrow, pointed wings and very short bills. Flight erratic; wingbeats rapid. Wings held more stiffly and beat more rapidly than those of the swallows.•TANAGERS: Sparrow or robin-sized birds with stout but not conical bills. Usually forage in trees. Males brightly colored, females olive or yellowish.TERNS: Slender water birds with horizontal posture; bill slim and pointed or stout and spear-shaped; some have bushy crest; wings long, narrow, pointed; tail usually forked. Flight swallowlike; hover over water and dive from air; mob predators.•THRASHERS: Slender birds, mostly with downcurved bills and long tails. Walk or run on ground, scratch noisily in leaves, and skulk in thickets. </text>
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<text>•THRUSHES: Slender billed, brown birds that often forage on ground, flipping over leaves.•TITMICE: Sparrow-sized gray birds with pointed crest, large head, very small bills. Forage rapidly in foliage, and hang upside down from twigs.•TOWHEES: Ground-dwelling birds with short, conical bills and long, usually rounded tails. Skulk and, when disturbed, flush; scratch noisily in leaves.TROPICBIRDS: Mainly white seabirds with stout, spear-shaped bills, long, narrow pointed wings, and very long central tail feathers. Dive for fish from air.•VIREOS: Mainly olive, very small to sparrow-sized birds with short, slender bills. Forage slowly for insects in foliage. Several have white wing bars, eye-rings, or spectacles.</text>
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card_56553.xml
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<text>ground and flush when disturbed; some scratch noisily in leaves.STORM-PETRELS: Blackish or gray sparrow to robin-sized seabirds; tail squared, shallow forked, or wedge-shaped; some have white rump. Flight swallowlike; hover at water surface to feed.•SWALLOWS: Highly aerial sparrow to robin-sized birds with long, narrow, pointed wings and very small bill. Flight graceful, erratic, and buoyant.SWANS: Very large, long-necked white waterfowl with long, gooselike bills. Swim and feed at surface, often tipping up. Fly in formation with slow wingbeats, neck extended.</text>
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<text>SHEARWATERS: Seabirds with long, narrow, pointed wings and short, fan-shaped tails. Flap and coast in stiff-winged flight, often in bunches; swim and feed at surface.SHOREBIRDS: A varied group of birds usually seen on or near water; they have long, narrow, pointed wings; larger species have long necks; bill usually short and slender, but in some downcurved, upcurved, or long and straight. Walk or run, and often wade; a few bob head or tail; fly with rapid wingbeats, often in bunches or formations, with simultaneous banking. A few species live chiefly on land.•SHRIKES: Large-headed, predatory birds with horizontal posture and stout, hooked bill; gray with black mask. Swoop up to perch when landing.•SPARROWS: Brown-streaked birds with short, conical bills. Skulk in vegitation; forage on </text>
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card_56257.xml
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<text>•NUTHATCHES: Stocky, short-necked birds with long, pointed bills and short tails. Scramble up or down trees in search of insects.•ORIOLES: Black and orange or black and yellow birds that forage slowly in trees, sometimes feed at flowers.OWLS: Stocky, mainly nocturnal birds of prey with vertical posture; large, rounded heads, often with ear tufts. Most have camouflage colors. A few hunt during the day.PELICANS: Very large water birds with huge bills. Fly in formations with neck folded; soar, flap, and coast, with slow wingbeats.PIGEONS AND DOVES: Small headed birds with fan-shaped or pointed tails. Walk on ground; fly very fast in beeline, with rapid wingbeats; often fly in bunches, sometimes with simultaneous banking.</text>
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<text>•PIPITS: Sparrow-sized, streaked birds with short, slender bills and white outer tail feathers, usually seen in open country or alpine tundra. Walk or run on ground, flush, and often fly in bunches.RAILS: Brown-streaked marsh birds with small head; bill long and slim or chickenlike; wings short, broad, and rounded; tail very short. Walk, run, or wade; probe in mud; flush from grass and fly with rapid wingbeats.RAPTORS: Hook-billed, predatory birds, often with vertical posture. Head naked in vultures. Most raptors have long, broad, rounded wings, but wings narrow and pointed in falcons and some kites; tail usually fan-shaped or long and rounded.Often soar or flap and coast, some with wings in dihedral.</text>
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card_55819.xml
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<text>KINGFISHERS: Large-headed birds with bushy crests and stout, spear-shaped bills. Perch or hover over water, then dive to capture fish.•KINGLETS: Very small, slender-billed birds; olive-green with a brigh crown patch. Often flick tails; forage rapidly in foliage, hover, and hang upside down.•LARKS: Streaked birds with slender bills and white outer tail feathers. Walk or run on ground, flush when disturbed; have bounding flight, and usually fly in bunches.LONG-LEGGED WADERS: Pigeon-sized to very large wading birds with long necks and long legs. Herons, egrets, and bitterns fly with neck folded over back; others fly with neck extended.•LONGSPURS: Sparrow-sized birds with short, conical bills.Walk on ground; flush when </text>
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<text> disturbed. Fly in bunches, with bounding flight and simultaneous banking.LOONS: Goose-sized or very large water birds with stout, spear-shaped bills and very short tails. Dive from water surface; often swim with body low. Fly in a beeline, with long neck extended.•MAGPIES: Black-and-white birds with stout bills and long, pointed tails. Walk on ground.•MEADOWLARKS: Brown, open-country birds with long, pointed tails. Walk on ground and flush when disturbed.NIGHTJARS: Slender aerial birds, with large heads, that perch in horizontal posture and catch insects at night or dusk. Flight mothlike (true nightjars) or loose-winged and erratic (nighthawks). Clad in "dead-leaf" patterns; flush from ground.</text>
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card_55345.xml
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<text>•GNATCATCHERS: Very small, slender gray birds with long tails and short, slender bills. Forage rapidly, flicking tail, and cocking tail over back.GREBES: Robin to crow-sized diving birds that somewhat resemble ducks; some have face or head plumes; most have slender, spear-shaped bill. Seldom fly; often swim with body low in water and dive from surface.•GROSBEAKS: Sparrow to robin-sized birds with stout, conical bills. Males brightly colored, females brown or greenish.GULLS: Mainly white water birds with stout, very slightly hooked bills, long, narrow, pointed wings, and usually short, fan-shaped tails. Swim and feed at water surface; mob predators; rob food from other birds; larger species soar. </text>
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<text>HUMMINGBIRDS: Very small to sparrow-sized nectar-feeders with very long and needlelike bills. Usually hover at flowers with very rapid wingbeats and fly in a beeline.JAEGERS AND SKUAS: Dark seabirds with bill gull-like but more hooked; wings long, narrow, pointed. Jaegers have long central tail feathers; skuas have short, fan-shaped tails. Flight erratic, but graceful and swallowlike in smaller species; all rob food from other birds.•JAYS: Mainly blue birds with stout bills and rounded tails; some have pointed crests. Flight bounding; mob predators.•JUNCOS: Small birds with short, conical bills and white outer tail feathers. Flush when disturbed. Dark-eyed Junco hops; Yellow-eyed Junco walks.</text>
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card_55196.xml
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<text>CORMORANTS: Dark diving birds with slender, hooked bills. Swim with body low. Stand upright; hold wings open to dry after diving. Fly in a line or a V, with long neck extended, flapping and coasting.•CROWS AND RAVENS: Large black birds with stout bills; tails wedge-shaped in ravens. Walk on ground; often travel in bunches and mob predators; ravens soar.CUCKOOS: Slender, robin-sized birds with slightly downcurved bills and long tails. Skulk in vegitation; fly very fast in beeline.DUCKS: Stocky or slender waterfowl, smaller than geese or swans, with flattened bills. Dabbling ducks feed at surface, often tipping up; bay and sea ducks dive from surface. Most fly in formations, on rapid wingbeats; some fly with necks extended or have erratic flight.</text>
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<text>•FINCHES: Seed-eating birds; usually with red, pink, or yellow; most have short, conical bills, but crossbills have crossed mandibles for extracting seeds from cones. Fly in bunches, with bounding flight.•FLYCATCHERS: Mostly dully colored, very small to robin-sized birds. Most perch upright and dart out after passing insects; many flick tail; hold tail pointed downward. (Strictly speaking not songbirds, but so closely related in behavior, shape and posture, and color and pattern that the group is included as songbirds.)GEESE: Long-necked waterfowl with stout bills. Swim and feed at water surface, often tipping up; usually walk on land. Fly in formation with slow wingbeats and necks extended.</text>
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card_54189.xml
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<text>ALBATROSSES: Very large seabirds with long, narrow, pointed wings. Often soar in stiff-winged flight, with slow wingbeats; swim and feed at surface.ANIS: Black relatives of cuckoos with flattened, parrotlike bills and long, rounded tails. Flap and coast in loose-winged flight.AUKS: Stocky seabirds with large heads and short wings; some have facial plumes; bill variable, and parrotlike in puffins. Posture often vertical. Swim and dive from surface; fly with rapid wingbeats.•BLACKBIRDS: Mainly black, sparrow to pigeon sized birds that walk on ground, fly in bunches, and often mob predators.•BLUEBIRDS: Sparrow-sized thrushes with blue plumage and slender bills. Often perch with tail pointed downward.</text>
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<text>BOOBIES AND GANNETS: Goose-sized to very large seabirds with stout, spear-shaped bills and long, narrow, pointed wings. Fly in beeline with slow wingbeats; dive for fish from air.•BUNTINGS: Brightly or boldly colored birds with short, conical bills; females greenish or brown.•CHICKADEES: Sparrow-sized birds with dark crowns, black throats, and white cheek patches. Forage rapidly in foliage and often hang upside down from twigs.CHICKENLIKE BIRDS: Stocky, ground-dwelling birds with small heads; often with crest, head or neck plumes, or combs; bill chickenlike; wings broad and rounded. Walk or run; flush with rapid wingbeats. The very large Wild Turkey belongs to this group.</text>
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<text>The 62 bird groups described here are informal groups of North American birds whose members clearly resemble one another in behavior, shape and posture, or color and pattern. These groups do not always correspond to families and subfamilies. Not all of these groups are represented in the Eastern United States.</text>
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card_23234.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5 in. A small, common skulker of thickets, low bushes, tall grass, and marshes. More often heard than seen, but easily lured into view if you make a squeaking noise. Adult males have yellow throat and breast, olive-green upperparts, and bold black mask bordered above with white; belly white. Adult females drab and nondescript but with yellow throat and undertail; very narrow, pale eye-ring; and diffuse pale eyebrow. Immature males have much reduced and less well-defined dark mask and fairly prominent white eye-ring. Immature females very drab, with buff underparts only tinged yellow on throat and undertail. Song a variable, lively warble made up of repeated phrases: "chi-chi-wheerchi-chi-wheer chi-chi-wheer" or "ter-weechy ter-weechy ter-weechy."Range: Breeds from se. Alaska across Canada to Labrador and Newfoundland, south throughout United States to Mexico. Winters from n. California and New Jersey south along coasts and from s. United States to Mexico. </text>
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card_12148.xml
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<text>Troglodytes AedonHouse Wren</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 4.75 inches. A common, plain little wren of brushy undergrowth. Variety of habitats; frequents thickets and brush piles, especially around fallen logs; in suburban areas, it readily uses nest boxes. Energetic and spry; often holds short tail cocked at an upward angle as it moves constantly through the brush. Adults plain, nondescript; rather rotund with a short, thin bill and relatively short tail; brownish-gray, paler on underparts and on faint eyebrow; wings, tail, and lower belly finely barred with blackish. Song a rapid, liquid, bubbling chatter, often given through entire day; also a rapid churring note and rough, buzzy scolding chatter.Range: Breeds from central British Columbias east to New Brunswick, south to se. Arizona and n. Georgia. Winters in the Southwest, along Gulf Coast, and north to Virginia.</text>
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card_22407.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 9 in. This clown-faced, noisy, medium-sized woodpecker is common in oak and pine-oak woodland of the West Coast and the Southwest. A gregarious bird that riddles tree trunks, telephone poles, and even the sides of wooden houses with holes for storing acorns; these and insects, sometimes caught in the air, are the bird's main diet. Both sexes have bright red cap, more extensive in male, black around the bill with white immediately behind broadening on forehead and throat, and black around and behind white eye; rest of upperparts black except for white rump and large white wing patches, mostly concealed when wings folded; underparts white, with black breast band blending into streaks below. Call a loud "whack-up" or "yak-up;" also a laughing "aka-aka-aka."Range: Resident from Oregon to s. California, east to Sierras; also n. Arizona to w. Texas and south to Central America.</text>
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card_2154.xml
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<text>Scolopax MinorAmerican Woodcock</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 11 inches. A shy, stocky, long-billed shorebird of thickets, wooded swamps, and wet forested areas. Easiest to observe in spring, when males perform spiraling courtship flight, calling and circling high as wings make a loud whistling noise. Adults mottled with buff and black above; wings dark brown, finely streaked with buff; crown dark, with four rust-colored bars; underparts bright rust; bill very long, slender; eyes dark, set very far back in head; in flight wings appear rounded. Immatures resemble adults. Gives a nasal, buzzy "bzeep" or "peeent"; male gives chirping whistles in courtship flight.Range: Breeds across se. Canada south to e. Texas and Florida. Winters from the Southeast as far north as New England (rare).</text>
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card_40203.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 15 inches. A tall, robust, grayish shorebird. Uses straight, fairly thick bill to probe for a variety of invertebrates; patrols mudflats, beaches, rocky shores, and marshes; wades in shallow water. Breeds in prairie potholes and eastern saltmarshes. Often in large flocks. Breeding adults gray above, heavily spotted with dark brown; whitish below, neck and head finely streaked brown, breast and flanks finely barred brown; wings largely black, with striking broad white stripe through bases of flight feathers; rump white; tail gray; bill medium length, straight, fairly thick, grayish-black; long legs gray. Winter adults plain brownish-gray above; pale-gray with tiny streaks on neck, breast, and flanks. Juveniles similar to winter adults, but finely peppered with buff and brown flecks throughout. Gives repeated whistled calls: "pill-will-willet!", also "weep-weep-weep!", and others.Range: Breeds from central Canada south to ne. California, Nevada, and Nebraska, and in East, along Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Nova Scotia south. Winters along coasts from Oregon and North Carolina.</text>
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card_38735.xml
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<text>Numenius PhaeopusWhimbrel</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 17.5 inches. A large, tall brown shorebird with a long, strongly downcurved bill, used in probing for prey. Rather long-necked. Usually in small flocks on mudflats, rocky shores, and beaches, or in larger flocks on migration, when it visits lakes and plowed fields. Breeds on arctic tundra. Adults grayish-brown above and on wings, dappled with paler spots; whitish below, finely streaked with brown on neck and breast; barred flanks; crown strongly striped, with broad lateral crown stripes and eyelines dark brown against buff-white eyebrows and median crown stripe; long, strongly downcurved bill; long gray legs. Juvenile similar, but with shorter bill into first fall; slightly crisper, dull buffy spots above and finer streaks on breast. Call a fast bubbling trill of uniform,short whistled notes; carries far.Range: Breeds in Alaska and n. Canada. Winters along Pacific and Atlantic coasts from California and North Carolina south. Migrant along Gulf Coast. Sometimes wanders inland.</text>
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card_49565.xml
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<text>Bombycilla GarrulusBohemian Waxwing</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 8.25 inches. A lovely, large, dark edition of the familiar Cedar Waxwing; in the East, encountered only in winter. Gregarious and erratic in occurrence; frequents orchards and berry-producing trees planted in rural areas. Adults basically gray, darker on upperparts, with chestnut on undertail coverts and around black face patch and throat; white yellow, and red patches in wing; tip of tail yellow; long, slender, elegant crest. Juvenile similar but paler overall, with streaked underparts. Call a soft, prolonged, high-pitched buzzy note; lower and more buzzy than Cedar Waxwing's.Range: Breeds from central Alaska east to n. Manitoba and south to Washington, Idaho, and Montana. Winters from Washington east to n. Maine; occasionally to California and n. Texas.</text>
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card_20638.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. An inhabitant of bottomlands, deciduous forests, and wooded areas with pine, cypress, sycamore, and oak; in South, especially fond of habitats with plenty of Spanish moss. Tends to stay high in the trees; sometimes creeps along branches to forage for insects. Adults have contrasting black-and-white head pattern, bright yellw throat and upper breast; whitish belly and white flanks with black streaks; upperparts entirely gray except for white wing bars. Immatures resemble adults. Hybridizes rarely with Northern Parula; offspring, known as "Sutton's Warbler," similar to adult Yellow-throated but with less streaking on flanks and a greenish-yellow patch in center of breast. Song a loud, melodic series of clear notes, accelerating as they descend, ending on one higher note: "teeew-teew-teew-tew-tew-tew-twi."Range: Breeds from central Missouri south to se. Texas, east to s. New Jersey and central Florida. Winters from South Carolina along Atlantic and Gulf coasts to se. Texas; also inland in Florida and in Central America.</text>
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card_15944.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. A thin-billed, sparrow-sized bird. The eastern form, commonly called "Myrtle" Warbler, is the most common and widespread winter warbler in the East; replaced in most of West by "Audubon's" Warbler. Nests in boraeal and mixed forests, but in colder months frequents brushy thickets, hedgerows, and coastal dunes. All plumages characterized by a prominent yellow rump patch. Breeding males patterened in gray, black, and white, with yellow on crown and sides of breast as well as rump; white eyebrow and throat set off prominent black cheeks. Spring females duller and browner, but show same basic pattern. Winter birds and immatures duller and browner still, with much less yellow on sides of breast, none in crown, and dark brown cheeks. Song a variable rambling trill or warble. Call note a loud "chek."Range: "Myrtle" breeds from Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Great Lakes and New York. Winters mostly in se. United States; occasionally to Great Lakes. "Audubon's" breeds from British Columbia to Central America.</text>
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card_17106.xml
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<text>Dendroica TownsendiTownsends Warbler</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 5 inches. A boldly patterned, black-and-yellow, arboreal warbler. During nesting season, preferred habitats are coniferous forests and mountainous areas. Adult males have blackish crown and throat with a bright yellow face and black mask; yellow breast gives way to white on belly; sides streaked boldly with black; back olive, with dusky streaks; wing bars and webs of outer tail feathers white. Female similar, but with face pattern a bit duller; throat yellow, not black. Immatures have the same pattern, but duller, with dark olive replacing blackish. Song a series of five to seven high-pitched, buzzy "zee" or "swee" notes. Call a sharp "tsik."Range: Breeds from Alaska and s. Yukon south to central Oregon, east to w. Montana and nw. Wyoming. Winters mostly in Mexico; occasionally coastal Oregon and California, and Arizona.</text>
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card_17779.xml
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<text>Dendroica DiscolorPrairie Warbler</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 4.75 inches. A small warbler of brushy open country, pine barrens, and mangrove swamps. Regularly pumps tail while foraging in low, brushy locations; often sings through heat of the day. Adult males olive-green above with two yellowish wing bars and black marks through eye and along jaw; underparts bright yellow, with black streaks on sides of breast and flanks; white spots in tail. Females and immatures duller, especially facial markings and side streaks. Song a distinctive series of "zee" notes, ascending the scale.Range: Breeds from central Missouri and Michigan east to s. Maine and south to e. Texas, n. Lousiana, and Florida. Winters from n. Florida south; rarely along Gulf Coast.</text>
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card_18654.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
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<id>1</id>
<text>Dendroica PalmarumPalm Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. A fairly common warbler of northern bogs in summer and open woodland edgesa and fields in winter; one of the earliest and latest warblers to migrate. Constantly pumps tail while foraging in low bushes and on the ground. Breeding adults brownish above with a chestnut crown and yellowish eyebrow; underparts yellow or grayish-yellow, streaked with chestnut; undertail coverts yellow. Winter adults and immatures similar but browner overall, including crown. Song a buzzy trill; call note a dry "check."Range. Breeds from s. Mackenzie east to Nova Scotia, south to Great Lakes region and Maine. Winters from North Carolina south along Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to Texas; occasionally from s. Newe England.</text>
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</card>
card_23038.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.25 inches. A skulker that forages slowly in dense understory vegetation, shrubby areas, and mountain brush. Best located by its sharp "chek" call. Flies weakly, like a Song Sparrow. Adult males have extensive blue-gray to slate-gray hood reaching upper breast; only markings are partial white eye-ring above and below the eye, dark lores, and black markings on the breast; rest of underparts yellow; plain dull olive above; legs long and pink. Females duller, with paler hood; lack dark on lores and breast; throat whitish-gray. Immatures have brown tinge to gray hood; throat whiter. All plumages show broken white eye-ring. Song a rolling "chu-weet chu-weet chu-weet chick chick," ending with a downward inflection. Call a hard sharp "chek."Range: Breeds from Alaska and sw. Yukon south in the mountains to s. California and central New Mexico. Winters south of United States.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_19227.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Wilsonia CitrinaHooded Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.25 inches. A fairly common but elusive warbler found in the understory of low, mature deciduous woodlands, wooded swamps, and along watercourses. Forages by actively flycatching in undergrowth; often flicks tail, showing white outer tail feathers. Adult males have black hood surrounding yellow face; underparts yellow; upperparts plain olive-green, with extensive white outer tail feathers. Females and immatures lack hood, although some black often present about the head; outer tail feathers white. Song a loud, rapid "weeta weeta wee-tee-o," first rising and then falling at end; note a loud "chink."Range: Breeds from se. Iowa east to s. New England and south to e. Texas and n. Florida. Winters in Mexico and Central America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_20792.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5 inches. A small, locally common warbler, found in brushy second growth and along forest edges and power lines. Forages in lower story of trees, where it is easily observed; often droops wings and cocks tail when perched. Breeding adults have yellow crown, white underparts with chestnut sides, yellow wing bars, and back streaked with yellow-green and black. Immatures yellow-green above with yellow wing bars, a white eye-ring, and whitish underparts. Song an emphatic, whistled "please please pleased ta meecha," rising, then dropping at end; also a second, more varied and rambling song. Range: Breeds across s. Canada to Nova Scotia, south through Great Lakes region to n. New Jersey, and in Appalachains to n. Georgia. Winters in Central America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_17267.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Dendroica CeruleaCerulean Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 4.75 inches. A small, vocal, short-tailed warbler of mature forests in the East; especially partial to bottomland, swampy areas, and streamside forest. Spends much time high in the canopy, and can be difficult to see; its song is a good clue to its presence. Fairly uncommon, but can be locally abundant. Adult males light blue to blue-gray above, white below, with dark band across breast and some dark streaks along sides; wings have two white wing bars; white on throat extends behind ear. Adult females have more gray-blue head and upper back, merging into blue-green to olive on the lower back; duller than male below; two white wing bars. Immatures resemble females, but may be more greenish. Song is a speedy series of three to five buzzy notes: "zray, zray, zray, zreee."Range: Breeds from se. Minnesota to s. New York and s. New England, south to ne. Texas, n. Georgia, and North Carolina. Winters in South America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_23937.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Wilsonia CanadensisCanada Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.25 inches. A common, active, flycatching warbler of luxuriant undergrowth in deciduous and coniferous forest thickets; also in cool maple and cedar swamps. Usually forages within a few feet of the ground; can be difficult to observe. Adult males plain blue-gray above and bright yellow below, with yellow spectacles, black sideburns, and a necklace of black streaks across the breast. Females and immatures similar, but with eyering and necklace less distinct. Song an irregular burst of sharply puntuated notes, none on the same pitch; often introduced or terminated by a sharp "chip." Call note a loud "chick."Range: Breeds from central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to central Minnesota, n. New Jersey, and in mountains to n. Georgia. Winters in South America.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21808.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. A fairly common, dark, chunky warbler occuring in open boreal forests of spruce and balsam fir. Forages sluggishly in the centers and tops of dense conifers; its high-pitched song is the best indication of its presence. Bay-breasteds migrate early in fall, often moving by mid-August. Breeding males have black face and chestnut crown, throat, and sides; underparts and neck patch buff-white; upperparts greenish-gray, streaked with black; two white wing bars. Breeding females paler, less chestnut, with a whitish throat and reduced buff on neck. Winter adults and immatures greener above than in summer; unstreaked buff-white below with buff undertail coverts and often a trace of chestnut on flanks. Legs and feet dark in all plumages. Song a short, high-pitched "seetzy seetzy seetzy."Range: Breeds from British Columbia east to central Manitoba and south to ne. Minnesota, n. New York, and n. New England. Winters in Central and South America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21641.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Dendroica StriataBlackpoll Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. A thin-billed, sparrow-sized bird that nests in northern boreal forests. A very abundant and gregarious late spring migrant, it forages high in tall trees, especially birches and oaks. Breeding males have distinctive black cap with contrasting white cheeks bordered by black below; bold black streaks on white breast; gray back streaked with black; white wing bars; legs yellowish pink. Breeding females lack head pattern of male; dark-streaked gray above (including crown), gray-streaked white below, with white wing bars. Fall birds resemble breeding female with strong yellow tinge on head, back, and breast; fall adult males more darkly streaked than females and immatures. All retain white wing bars but have darker legs than spring males. Song highest-pitched of all warbler songs, a series of very thin notes: "seet-seet-seet-seet-seet."Range: Breeds from n. Alaska east to Labrador and Newfoundland, south to s. Alaska andne. United States. Winters in South America.</text>
</content>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_12776.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 5 inches. A striking warbler of black, white, and gray tones, lacking yellow except for a small spot on the lores. An arboreal inhabitant of dry forests, especially with oaks; also found in pinyon-juniper areas and other locations with scattered trees and plenty of brush. Common in most of range. Adult males have blackish crown, a white stripe above and behind the eye, a black mask through the eye, a white cheek, and a black throat; underparts white, boldly streaked with black on sides; wings dark with two white wing bars; back medium gray; outer tail feathers largely white. Females have gray in crown and white throat. Immatures patterned like females, but duller, grayer. Song a "weezy weezy weezy weezy-weet." Call a dull "chut," intermediate between call notes of Yellow-rumped and Townsend's warblers.Range: Breeds from sw. British Columbia south to Mexico, east to Colorado. Winters locally in s. California and s. Arizona, mostly in Mexico.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_14893.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
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<id>1</id>
<text>Dendroica CaerulescensBlack-throated Blue Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.25 inches. A small, dark, common warbler of beech and maple-covered slopes; usually forages in the middle and lower story of hardwood thickets, especially where mountain laurel or American yew is common. Adult males grayish-blue above with black face, throat, breast, and sides; belly white; white spot on wing. Females are uniformly olive-brown above with brownish cheeks and olive yellow underparts; the wing patch in females may sometimes be obscurred. Immatures similar to adults. Song a husky, drawled "zray zray zray zreee," with slight rising inflection at the end. Note a dull "smack."Range: Breeds from south-central Canada east to Nova Scotia, south to Great Lakes region, w. Pennsylvania, and s. New England; in Appalachains to n. Georgia. Winters mainly in the West Indies.</text>
</content>
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<script></script>
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card_11616.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Dendroica FuscaBlackburnian Warbler</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5 inches. A strikingly brilliant warbler, fond of tall hemlocks and dense northern spruce-fir forests. Forages high in the inner canopy of thick evergreens, and thus is difficult to observe. Appears in a variety of habitats during migration, but its high-pitched song often goes undetected. Adult males unmistakable, with bright orange throat, eyebrow, and crown patch, black back striped with white, and large white wing patch; underparts whitish with black stripes on sides. Females, immatures, and males in winter are similar, but orange on throat is replaced by yellow, and two whit wing bars are present. Song a high, thin, wiry series of notes, like "sip sip sip titi tzeeeee," last note ascending; variable.Range: Breeds from Saskatchewan to Nova Scotia, south to Great Lakes region, s. New England, and in the Appalachains to n. Georgia. Winters in Central ans South America.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_50517.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Vireo SolitariusSolitary Vireo</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.5 inches. A sparrow-sized songbird with moderately thick bill. Dwells high in canopy of cool hardwood and mixed hardwood-conifer forests. A common spring and fall migrant in most of East. Adults gray on top and sides of head, with bold white spectacles. Back olive-green; wings and tail dusky with pale yellow wing bars and feather edgings; underparts basically white, with greenish-yellow sides and flanks. Loud song of short, varied phrases: "see me, hear me, here I am;" sweeter higher pitched, and with longer pauses than similar song of the Red-eyed Vireo.Range: Breeds from British Columbia east across central Canada to Newfoundland, south to North Dakota, Great Lakes region, New England, and in the Appalachains to North Carolina. Winters from s. California and Arizona to Central America, in the East from South Carolina southward.</text>
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card_47491.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Auriparus FlavicepsVerdin</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 4.5 inches. A small, active, titlike bird of scrubby areas, streamside forest, mesquite, palo verde, and dry brush. Makes bushy nest, also used as a roost. Flits around in bushes, making quick erratic flights. Adults have upperparts and wings uniform gray-brown with chestnut patch on the shoulders; uniform light gray below; head and throat yellow. Juveniles are browner; lack chestnut shoulder and yellow head and throat. Song a loud "tsee tsee tsee," first note higher. Call an emphatic "tszee" or "tszip."Range: Se. California east to s. Texas and south to Mexico.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_35778.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Meleagris GallopavoWild Turkey</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 46 inches. Unmistakable. Largest North American game bird and ancestral stock of barnyard turkey. Huge, with long legs, neck, and tail. Once widespread, but reduced by clearing of woodlands. With management and reintroduction, now increasing in many areas. Favors woodlands and edges; feeds mostly on ground, primarily on seeds and nuts. Roosts in trees. Sociable. Adult males wholly dark with iridescent reddish and bronzy cast; wings barred with white; head unfeathered, blue with red wattles; breast with protruding "beard" feathers; tail and rump tipped chestnut in East, whitish in West. Females smaller, duller; wattles less conspicuous; often without beard. Immatures resemble female. Male gives familiar gobbling; also "pit" notes, clucks, and others.Range: Resident from se. California, Arizona, Texas, Southeast, and north to New England. Small introduced populations elsewhere.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_47911.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Parus BicolorTufted Titmouse</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 6.5 inches. A common inhabitant of eastern forests. Outside breeding season, often seen with other small birds, such as chickadees, in residential areas and parks. Conspicuous despite small size and gray color; forages actively at every forest level. Very vocal; often in small flocks. A black-crested form occurs in Texas. Adults gray above, with conspicuous gray crest and some black on forehead; underparts paler gray; flanks buff. Immatures resemble adults. "Black-crested" race (central and southern Texas) has black crest, gray forehead. Song consists of two loud "peter" notes repeated many times; call a harsh "see-jert."Range: Resident from Nebraska east to s. New England, south to n. Mexico and Florida.</text>
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card_14707.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Hylocichla MustelinaWood Thrush</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 7.75 inches. A plump, rufous thrush, abundant in residential areas, deciduous woods, and thickets. Forages on the ground where it hops and scratches in the leaf litter while searching for worms, caterpillars, insects and ants. Effortless, languid, flutelike song distinctive. Adults have russet to cinnimon-brown upperparts; face has a thin white eye-ring and narrow black-and-white streaks on the cheek. Bold, triangular or roundish black spots cover the white underparts; bill dark, with the basal two-thirds of lower mandible flesh-colored; legs are also flesh-colored. Song flutelike, liquid, and varied; includes characteristic "whey-do-lay" phrase in which the last note is usually trilled. Call a low "qoit"; alarm note a sharp "pit", repeated several times. Range: Breeds from se. South Dakota east to s. Maine, south to se. Texas and n. Florida. Winters in Central America.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_13588.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Ixoreus NaeviusVaried Thrush</text>
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<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 9.5 inches. Like the American Robin in size, shape and habits, but sleeker and shier, preferring forests and dense vegetation. Common in forests of the Pacific Coast, but winter numbers and movements erratic. Single birds and groups feed in trees and on ground. Adult males blue-gray above, orange below, with orange stripe behind eye, orange wing bars and wing stripe, and black band across breast; belly paler, with slight mottling. Females paler; have same pattern, but with brown upperparts and breast band. Juveniles show same pattern on wing and head, and have scaly breast. Orange wing stripe conspicuous in flight in all plumages. Song consists of two long, eerie, quavering notes. Calls are a long "veeeeerrr" and a soft "took." Range: Breeds from Alaska and central Yukon south to California, Idaho, and Montana. Winters along Pacific Coast from s. Alaska to Baja California; wanders widely.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_12870.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 12 inches. A common, skulking resident of chaparral and other brushy areas of the coast ranges of California and northern Baja California. Long tail and sickle bill create unmistakable thrasher silouette. Sings from atop bushes. Adults basically chocolate-brown, a bit paler on underparts, with long, black, and curved bill; lower belly and undertail coverts rich buff; the only patterning is around the bill; a faint, pale eyebrow, a dark malar stripe, and a pale chin and upper throat. Song a long, repetitive series of primarily rich but occasionally harsh phrases, with much individual variation; common call a "chuck."Range: S. Oregon south in the mountains to Baja California.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_13403.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52503end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Toxostoma RufumBrown Thrasher</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 11.5 inches. A sleek, long-tailed bird with rufous upperparts. Found in thickets, vine tangles, woodland edges, and gardens; most common in the Southeastern United States. Rather secretive and solitary. Adults have dull cinnamon-brown to rufous upperparts, brightest on the rump and upper tail coverts; face and forehead grayish-buff; wings have two thin white wing bars; underparts buff-white with numerous elongated, blackish-brown spots; eyes orange or yellow; bill slightly downcurved, dark, with pale base to the lower mandible. Call is a loud, sharp "tsick!" Song much like a Gray Catbird's but richer, more melodious, and sung in paired phrases.Range: Breeds from se. Alberta east to s. Maine, south to Colorado, e. Texas, and Florida. Winters from Texas eastward as far north as Illinois, and along Atlantic Coast as far north as Massachusetts; rarely to Pacific Coast.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_43105.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Sterna HirundoCommon Tern</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 14.5 in. A medium-sized, slender, swallowlike tern with black cap and deeply forked tail. Flight is swift and graceful. Hovers and dives for small fish. Nests in colonies on islands, beaches, sandbars, gravel banks, and occasionally in marshes. Vigorously attacks human intruders and predators in its colonies. Breeding adults have pale gray back and wings, darkest on primaries; tail white, cap black; bill slender, red with dark tip; feet red. Winter adults and immatures similar, but cap reduced to blackish nape and line through eye; dusky bar on wing coverts; bill and feet blackish. Call a harsh, grating "kee-aaarr;" also a sharp "kip kip."Range: Breeds from n. Alberta, Ontario, and Newfoundland south to Dakotas, Great Lakes (rare), and Gulf of St. Lawrence; also along Atlantic Coast south to Carolinas. Common migrant along Pacific Coast. Winters in tropics, rarely on Gulf Coast.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_42464.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Sterna AlbifronsLittle Tern</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 9 inches. A very small pale tern of sea beaches, bays, and large rivers, with yellow bill and feet, white forehead. Has quicker wingbeats than other terns. Immature has dark bill; dark nape; much dark on forewing. In fall, all birds may have dark bills but feet show yellow. Call a sharp repeated "kit"; a harsh squealing "zree-eek" or "zeek"; also a rapid "kitti-kitti-kitti."Range: Temperate and tropical oceans. Winters south of United States.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_31643.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Anas CyanopteraCinnimon Teal</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 16 inches. A small duck of marshes and wetlands, especially in arid regions of the continent. Chiefly seen singly or in pairs, or in small family groups in fall; can be quite tame. Feeds by skimming ponds and marshes for sedges, pondweed, and other aquatic vegetation. Males have deep cinnamon red head, breast, belly, and flanks; some darker brown on wings; blue-gray shoulder patches visible in flight. Females mottled brown overall. All plumages have long, dark bill, somewhat spoonlike at tip. Call of male a high-pitched peeping; female gives soft quack. Range: Breeds from s. British Columbia and Saskatchewan south to Mexico and w. Texas, east to western Great Plains. Winters north to n. California, New Mexico, and s. Texas. Casual farther east.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_5191.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Piranga RubraSummer Tanager</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 7.5 inches. Widespread across southern United States, favoring mixed deciduous woodland and pines in the East, cottonwoods and willows in the West. Feeds on insects high in trees, where bright males remain concealed but are often heard. Adult males wholly red, wings slightly darker. Females olive to grayish-olive above (including wings and tail), orange-yellow below (darkest in East); some eastern females patchily reddish. Young males resemble females until first spring, when become patchy to mostly red; all red by second fall. All birds have pale bill. Distinctive call a three-syllabled, rapid "pitty-tuck" rattle. Song robinlike, slightly less burry than Scarlet Tanager's. Range: Breeds from se. California to central Oklahoma; s. Nebraska and s. New Jersey south to Gulf Coast; occasionally in Northeast. Winters from Mexico to South America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_29433.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Cygnus OlorMute Swan</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 60 inches. A very large, long-necked swan of freshwater or brackish areas; easily recognized by its "sailing" posture on water. Introduced from Europe in nineteenth century; now commonly seen in ponds of public parks and gardens as well as in the wild. Can be aggressive, especially in defense of nest. Adult males white overall, with very long neck; bill pinkish or orange, with black knob at base. Females similar but smaller, with smaller bill knob. Immatures gray-brown; darker above, paler below, with dark bill. Neck shows graceful curve in all plumages. Makes hissing and grunting notes, but usually silent; wings make loud rushing (not whistling) sound in flight.Range: An Old World species introduced and breeding along Atlantic Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia and in Great Lakes region.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_28350.xml
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</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Ajaia AjajaRoseate Spoonbill</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 32 inches. A distinctive pink wading bird with a long, flat, spoon-tipped bill. Found in saltwater and freshwater marshes along Gulf Coast and in southern Florida. Consumes small fish, crabs, and shrimp; feeds by moving bill slowly from side to siude through water, straining out its prey. Flies with head and neck extended. Adults appear all-pink at a distance,; wings and lower back pink, with bright red wing coverts; upper back, neck, and upper breast white; tail orange; head naked, and pale greenish-white; legs bright pink. Immatures pale pink to whitish overall, with feathered head. Bill distinctive in all plumages. Range: Breeds and winters along Gulf Coast in Texas, and Lousiana, and in s. Florida. Also in tropics.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_25433.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Passer DomesticusHouse Sparrow</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 6.25 in. The familiar "sparrow," abundant in cities, towns, and farms across the continent. Introduced from Old World. Has shorter legs, thicker bill than native sparrows. Noisy, highly sociable, feisty. Often nests on buildings. Breeding males brown above with streaked, chestnut nape; crown gray; cheek whitish; bill black; wing bar white; grayish below with prominent black bib. Females brownish, paler below than above; back streaked; eyebrow pale. Winter males have black only on chin; bill yellowish. Immatures similar to females. City birds usually dirtier and duller than rural birds. No true song; chirps and cheeps repeatly.Range: Introduced and established from Central Canada south throughout United States.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_50174.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Lanius LudovicianusLoggerhead Shrike</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 9 in. A gray, black, and white predatory species of open country with a black mask and dark, hooked bill. Common, especially in southerly portions of range. Perches conspicuously on fences, wires, and treetops to search for insects and small rodents. Flight usually low, direct with rapid wingbeats; white patches flash in black wings. Adults primarily gray, darker on upperparts with black bill and broad black mask extending from bill to well behind eye; wings black with white patches; tail black, medium-length, slightly rounded, with white outer tail feathers. Juveniles in late summer similar but barred with gray on underparts, brownish on wings. Song a series of soft, somewhat musical warbles interspersed with harsh, buzzy squeaks. Calls include a mechanical "zee-eut" and a harsh "sheek sheek."Range: Breeds from Alberta to se. Ontario, south to Mexico and Florida; absent from most of Northeast. Winters across s. United States.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_41371.xml
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</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Calidris MinutillaLeast Sandpiper</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 6 in. Our tiniest sandpiper, and the most widesppread. Found in varied freshwater and saltwater habitats, including mudflats, marshes, puddles, beaches, and rocks, but prefers to have some cover nearby. Forages by quick picking and probing. Black bill is slightly shorter than head and very fine, especially at tip. Breeding adults have blackish-brown upperparts, with gray-buff to rufous fringes; breast, neck, and sides heavily but finely streaked with brown and washed with buff; belly white; upper wings gray-brown with faint white stripe; tail and center of rump dark; legs yellowish. Winter adults dark grayish-brown above; breast and neck pale gray-brown, with faint streaks; belly and flanks white. Juveniles black-brown above, with rufous and white fringes; white fringes form converging lines on back; wing coverts fringed with buff; underparts as in winter adult plumage. Flight call a shrill, rising "kreet," with "ee" sound emphasized.Range: Breeds across n. Canada. Winters on coasts from Oregon and North Carolina. Widespread inland during migration, locally in winter.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_39876.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Bartramia LongicaudaUpland Sandpiper</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 12 in. A nearly solitary inhabitant of tall grasslands, breeding on prairies and fallow fields; also uses other uplands. Unique shape makes it easy to recognize: it has thin bill, small head atop long neck, and comparitively long tail; legs rather long. Lands on posts and poles, often holding wings up briefly. Adults dark brown above and on upper wings, with feathers fringed golden-buff and barred with black; streaked crown with narrow buff median stripe; throat whitish; face, side of neck, and breast buff, with fine dark streaks becoming larger chevrons on lower breast and flanks; belly whitish; small head and buff eye-ring accentuate large dark eye; small bill pale; legs rather long, pale yellow. Juveniles similar, but with more scaly buff fringes above and less barred flanks. Unique song begins with short rattle, continues with two long, haunting whistles, first sliding up pitch, second sliding back down. flight call a "pip-pip-pip-pip."Range: Breeds from Alaska east to New Brunswick and south to Oregon, n. Oklahoma, and Virginia. Winters in South America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_39286.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Actitus MaculariaSpotted Sandpiper</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 7.5 in. Usually seen singly, this small shorebird constantly bobs up and down while holding its head still. Style of flight - on shallow, stiff, buzzy wingbeats - is unique. Found in all freshwater habitats, including small streams. Also visits shores, preferring the border between rocks and beach. Breeding adults white below, thickly peppered with round blackish spots; olive-brown above, with blackish spots and bars; dark eyeline and white eyebrow; bill orange-pink with dark tip; wings brownwith white stripes on both surfaces; tail brown with white barred edges. Winter adults plain olive-brown above; white below, with distinctive gray patch extending down side of breast; bill duller. Juveniles like winter adults, but wing coverts barred with buff and brown, and rest of upperparts faintly tipped with buff. Loud "peet-weet!" is often repeated.Range: Breeds throughoutmost of n. United States and Canada. Winters along Pacific Coast from British Columbia south; along Atlantic and Gulf coasts from South Carolina; and inland through s. United States.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24940.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Myioborus PictusPainted Redstart</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 5.75 in. A striking, brightly colored, energetic warbler of southwestern mountain woodlands, often in steamside areas with evergreen oaks. Flycatches with wings half spread and tail fanned. Adults glossy black on head, breast, sides, and upperparts; center of belly bright crimson; white arc under eye; large patch on wings, outer tail feathers, and undertail coverts also white. Immatures sooty rather than glossy black, and with whitish rather than crimson on belly. Song a rapid, warbled "weetcha weetcha weetcha weetcha weetcha." Call soft, carrying, clear "chwee" or "chuwee."Range: Breeds in nw. Arizona, sw. New Mexico, and extreme w. Texas south to Central America. Winters mostly south of United States.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24316.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Setophaga RuticillaAmerican Redstart</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks:5.25 in. An unmistakable, fluttery warbler. Abundant in deciduous forest understory, woodlots, and thickets. Can be seen on migration well into June, long after other warblers have reached their breeding grounds. Often fans tail, both when perched and in flight, to reveal the colorful pattern. Adult males glossy black with orange patches in wings, tail, and sides of breast; belly white. Females have same pattern in gray and yellow. First-fall males similar to females, but darker by first spring, with salmon colored breast patches and some black spots on breast; reach adult plumage by second fall. Song a series of slow, high-pitched notes of variable pattern, usually ending in a note slurred up or down.Range: Breeds from se. Alaska east to Labrador and Newfoundland, south to Utah, e. Oklahoma, northern Gulf Coast region, and along Atlantic Coast to Georgia. Winters from s. Texas and s. Florida to South America.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_32153.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Aythya AmericanaRedheads</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 19 in. A common diving duck of freshwater and salt marshes, lakes, and inshore waters. Feeds mainly on aquatic vegetation, usually feeding at night; often seen singly or in pairs, except in winter, when flocks of thousands sometimes band together at feeding grounds. Males have deep chestnut head, blue bill with black tip; breast and rear end black; sides and back gray. Females reddish-brown overall, except for whitish belly; bill blue with black tip. In all plumages, look for rounded head profile. In courtship, male gives a catlike "meow."Range: Breeds in Alaska and from central British Columbia, s. Northwest Territories, and Manitoba south to s. California, Colorado, and Iowa; rarely in Great Lakes region. Winters north to n. California, Colorado, Missouri, Great Lakes region, and along Atlantic Coast to s. New England.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_43668.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Fratercula ArcticaAtlantic Puffin</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 12.5 in. Colorful and eye-catching in breeding plumage; famous for its ability to carry a dozen fish at once in its bright bill. Nests in burrows along coastal cliffs; in winter, moves to offshore areas near breeding grounds. Breeding adults unmistakable, with all-black upperparts, throat, and crown; face and underparts bright white; bill brilliant red, blue, and yellow, laterally compressed; feet orange. Winter birds have gray face and dark bill with inconspicuous yellow tip. Immatures similar to winter adults but have smaller bill with no yellow. Call a rasping growl; also low purring notes.Range: Breeds along Atlantic coast from Labrador to central Maine. Winters at sea off breeding grounds, rarely south to Massachusetts and Long Island.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_38484.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 11.5 in. The largest plover; most numerous on mudflats, but also uses beaches, marshes, and inland shores, and fields. Most frequently seen along coasts in winter. Forages in a typical look-run-look-peck plover style. Heavy plover shape, with short, thick black bill. Always has black axillars, white rump, barred tail, and grayish wings with white stripe. Breeding males pure black on face and underparts, with white undertail coverts, sides, and border of face; upperparts black-brown with many large white spots. Breeding females similar but duller; brownish-black below mottled with white; browner above with less white. Winter adults brownish-gray above with whitish fringes; white below with graybrown smudges on breast. Juveniles black-brown above with many small spots that start out yellowish and soon fade to white; otherwise like winter birds, but finely streaked from throat to legs. Gives a clear, whistled "whee-ur-eee," middle note lower; carries far.Range: Breeds in n. Canada. Winters along coasts from British Columbia and Massachusetts southward.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_44478.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Columba FasciataBand-tailed Pigeon</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 14.5 in. A shy resident of mountainous pine forests of the West; also found in moister coniferous forests along Northwest coastline, and in oak-pine woodlands. Gradually becoming a more frequent visitor to parks and garden feeders. Adults gray or blue-gray, with small white crescent on nape; long tail has black bar and wide paler gray band at tip; bill yellow with black tip; feet yellow. Immatures similar, with some brown or buff on feathers; bill and feet may be grayish. Call a low, cooing "whoo-whooo," repeated several times.Range: Resident from s. Alaska south to California, and inland from Utah and Colorado south to central Mexico.</text>
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<script></script>
</card>
card_21401.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 18.5 in. A distinctive black-and-white shorebird with a long, straight, red bill. Found along beaches and mudflats, in family groups during nesting season or in small flocks at other times of the year. Feeds on clams, mussels, and other bivalves, in addition to oysters, prying them open with chisel-like bill. Adults dark brown above, with white belly; head and neck black; eyes yellow, with red outline; bill bright red or reddish-orange; in flight, white wing patches and upper-tail coverts contrast boldly with dark back and wing tips. Immatures duller; bill orange with dark tip; eyes dark. Call a ringing "wheep" or "cleep," often repeated; in flight, gives a "kreek" or "crik."Range: Breeds from Massachusetts south along Atlantic Coast to Florida, and on Gulf Coast from Texas to Lousiana. Winters north to Delaware. May wander farther north. </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18926.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Seiurus AurocapillusOvenbird</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 6 in. A common bird of the forest floor, especially deciduous slopes. A secretive warbler that walks on the ground, often under vegetation or on low branches, bobbing and teetering as it creeps along. May be hard to see, but incredibly loud, ringing songs, heard everywhere in spring, indicate how common Ovenbirds really are. Adults have olive upperparts; orange crown bordered by black stripes; bold white eye-ring; underparts whitish, boldly streaked with black spots. Common song is ringing "teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher," steadily increasing in volume. Call a loud, dry, saucy "tcheek."Range: Breeds from ne. British Columbia east to Newfoundland, south to e. Colorado and n. Georgia. Winters from Gulf Coast and Florida to South America. </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_48971.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.75 in. Short-billed and stubby, nuthatches crawl, uniquely, upside down and sideways on tree trunks and branches, searching for insects in the bark crevices. These little birds are common and conspicuous; are frequent visitors to feeders in winter. Adults have black crown and nape, gray upperparts, white face and upperparts except for brownish wash on belly. Bill slim and sharp. Calls include a nasal "yank yank yank." Song a short rapid "hit hit hit hit" or "to-what what what."Range: Resident from s. British Columbia east to New Brunswick and south to Central Texas and central Florida.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_45364.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 12 in. A noisy, common mountain bird that looks like a combination of woodpecker and crow. Similar to Pinyon Jay in shape. Inhabits high elevations, mainly near timberline, and eats the seeds of various pines, many insects, and even handouts from campers. Flight from tree to tree is sweeping and undulating; long-distance flight is more direct with rapid wingbeats. Adults have chunky body, light gray with white in face and undertail coverts; wings and tail square-tipped, black with large white patches. Juveniles darker, faintly washed with brown on upperparts. Call a nasal, rattling "khrraa."Range: Resident in the mountains of s. California and east to w. Colorado, north to British Columbia; occasionally further east.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_28910.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Mergus MerganserCommon Mergansers</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 25 in. A large, elegant-looking duck, found in a variety of freshwater habitats. When lakes and ponds freeze, Common Mergansers may feed on large rivers, in flocks of 10 to 20 birds all facing upstream and diving for fish. Long, slender, scarlet bill and large size a good field mark for all plumages. Adult males have glossy green head; bright white breast, flanks, and sides; and black back; in flight, extensive white visible on back and inner part of upper wings. Females have brown head with ragged crest; white chin and breast; and grayish upperparts; white speculum visible in flight.Range: Breeds from Alaska, Manitoba, and Newfoundland south to n. California, Arizona, South Dakota, Great Lakes region, and n. New Jersey. Winters along coasts and on interior lakes and rivers north to n. California, Great Lakes region, and s. New England.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_37529.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Aramus GuaraunaLimpkin</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 26 in. A long-necked wading bird, somewhat like a heron in appearance. A relative of the cranes, it inhabits freshwater marshes and wooded swamps throughout peninsular Florida. When foraging, skulks along edges of marshes and ponds, pumping or jerking its tail; uses long bill to probe muddy bottoms for snails and other mollusks. Adults brownish overall, with white spots and streaks, especially on head and neck; bill long, somewhat downcurved, and sturdy; legs long. Immatures resemble adults, but may be slightly paler. Call a loud, wailing "kurr-ee-ow"or "krr-ow"; given mainly at night.Range: Resident in se. Georgia and throughout most of Florida. Also in tropics.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_5427.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Tyrannus TyrannusEastern Kingbird</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 8.5 in. A large, distinctive, handsome flycatcher, found in open country, agricultural areas, woodland edges, and along streams and brooks. Vocal and active, sallying forth from a perch on a tree, telephone post, or overhead wire to catch insects on the wing. Adults unmistakable; head and face coal-black; throat and underparts white, forming a partial collar at neck; upperparts gray with vague white feather edgings on wing and two indistinct wing bars; tail blackish with conspicuous white tip. A strident, harsh series of "killy-killy-killy" notes, often ascending; also gives "dzee, dzee" notes and squeaky chatters.Range: Breeds from British Columbia east to Nova Scotia and south to ne. California, the Gulf Coast, and Florida. Winters in South America.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_27092.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Charadrius VociferusKildeer</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 10.5 in. Technically a "shorebird," but more a bird of open uplands; common on almost any grassy or open ground, including fields and lawns. Also visits both fresh and saltwater shores. Prefers to nest on gravel near water. Vociferous. Forages night or day. Adults have white underparts and underwings with two contrasting broad black bands across breast; white collar completely encircles neck over upper white band, which reaches nape; crown, back, scapulars, tertials, and wing coverts plain brown; rump bright rufous; tail long and tapered, brown and rufous, with white edges and black subterminal band; upper wing with bold white stripe; blackish forecrown and face mask separated by white forehead and eyebrow; bill small and black; eyes large and dark. Juveniles similar but duller, with down strands often lingering on tail tip. Piercing alarm whistles are familiar sound, day or night. Gives its name: "kill-dee!" Also "dee-dee-dee!" or trilled "tree-didididididee!"Range: Breeds from Alaska to Newfoundland and south through most of n. United States. Winters throughout s. United States and north along coasts to British Columbia and New Jersey.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_27771.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Plegadis FalcinellusGlossy Ibis</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 23 in. A dark wading bird of marshes, mudflats, and shallows; locally common, but range has been expanding. Feeds by foraging in wetland habitats, using its long downcurved bill to probe for crayfish and other bottom dwellers. Adults in breeding plumage mainly dark chestnut, but washed with glossy purple; appear all-dark from a distance; face has pale border. Winter adults brownish, washed with metallic green; head and neck have white streaks. Immatures resemble winter adults, but lack any chestnut feathering. In all plumages, brown eye is a good field mark at close range.Range: Breeds from Maine south along Atlantic Coast to Florida, and along Gulf Coast. Winters in southern parts of range.</text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_41776.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 52125end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Larus PhiladelphiaBonaparte's Gull</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 13.5 in. A small gull of tidal inlets. sewage outlets, beaches, and northern marshes. Flight buoyant and ternlike. Flutters over water, plucking small fish from surface; at inland habitats, captures insects in flight. Breeding adults have black head with broken white eye-ring and black bill; back and wings gray, with bold white wedges in primaries; undersides of wing pale; neck, underparts, and tail white. Winter adults similar, but head white with small black spot behind eye. Immatures like winter adults, but with black bill, dark border on trailing edge of wing, dark borders on white primaries, dark bar on inner wing, and black band on tail. Call a soft but rasping "kik" or "keer." Range: Breeds from Alaska across central Canada to southern Hudson Bay. Winters on Pacific Coast from Washington southward, on Atlantic Coast from New England southward, and in Mississippi Valley. </text>
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card_11046.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Larus AtricillaLaughing Gull</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 16.5 in. A slender, long-winged, black headed gull of coastal marshes, shores, and waterfronts; rare inland. Feeds on mudflats and beaches; captures flying insects over marsh grass. Nests in colonies in isolated salt marshes. Breeding adult has black head with broken white eye-ring; bill red; mantle dark gray with black wing tips; neck, underparts and tail white. Winter adults similar, but black on head reduced to grayish smudge behind eye an on nape; bill black. Immatures are dark brown, with with white border on trailing edge of wing, white rump, black bill and tail; older immatures have gray back and wings of adult, but retain a dark tail. Call a piercing laugh: "ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-haaa, haaa, haaa."Range: Breeds along Atlantic Coast from Maine to Texas; also at Salton Sea in s. California. Winters from North Carolina southward, sparingly further north.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_2424.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Larus ArgentatusHerring Gull</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 25 in. A large, gray-mantled gull, abundant near water in both coastal and inland areas. Often gathers in wheeling flocks and soars along cliffs and over buildings. Swims easily; forages at surface and follows ships for food thrown overboard. Nests in colonies on rocky or sandy shores and islands. Breeding adults white, with gray back and wings; wing tips black with white spots; bill stout, yellow with red spot on lower mandible; eyes yellow; legs and feet pink. Winter adults similar, but head streaked with brown. Immatures brown, darkest on primaries and tail, with gray appearing on back and wings as adult plumage is aquired; bill pinkish with dark tip; legs and feet pinkish. Call a loud yelping "kyow kyow kyow kyow " or " eeyah eeyah eeyah."Range: Breeds from Alsaka and Arctic Canada south to s. British Columbia, w. Saskatchewan, Montana, Great Lakes region, and n. New England, and on Atlantic Coast to North Carolina. Winters from s. Alaska, Great Lakes, and Labrador southward, especially along coasts and on open inland waters.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
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card_10624.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Larus CalifornicusCalifornia Gull</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 21 in. A common, medium-sized, gray-mantled gull that nests on inland waters and winters along coast. Often found foraging in flocks in agricultural areas, city parks, and urban waterfronts. Breeding adults have white head, underparts, and tail; back and wings gray; wing tips black with large white spots; bill pink with both black and red spots on lower mandible; legs yellow-green. Winter adults similar but with dark mottling on head and neck. Immatures mottled with brown above and on underparts; tail dusky; bill blackish with gray-pink base; legs pinkish.Range: Breeds from Prairie Provinces south to e. California, n. Utah, Montana, and North Dakota. Winters along Pacific Coast from Washington south to Mexico, rarely inland.</text>
</content>
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</card>
card_34688.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Bonasa UmbellusRuffed Grouse</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 17 in. The widespread and common "partridge" of mixed woodlands. Named for black feathers on sides of neck that male raises into a ruff. Often unnoticed until explodes noisily into flight when flushed. In spring, male perches on woodland drumming logs and beats wings in an accelerating drum roll; sounds like a distant, muffled engine starting up. Like Spruce Grouse, most conspicuous in summer, when females are often seen with young. Two distinct color phases: gray-phase adults mottled grayish above, lighter and barred below; tail gray, finely barred, with broad, dark subterminal band and light tip. Reddish-brown replaces gray in red-phase. Both phases show small crest and black feathers on sides of neck. Immatures resemble adults. Male's drumming, produced with wings, functions as song. Also various vocalizations, seldom heard.Range: Resident from central Alaska across Canada to Labrador, south to n. California, n. Utah, Colorado, Kentucky, and New Jersey, and in Appalachains to n. Georgia. </text>
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<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_3064.xml
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<text>Field Marks:25 in. An extremely slender diving bird with a tall, graceful, swanlike neck and no apparent tail. Narrow, pointed bill, more slender in female than in male. Often in large flocks. Breeds in freshwater marshes, winters on estuaries, inshore waters, and lakes. Breeding adult white below, and on foreneck, cheek, and throat; upperparts dark gray-brown; black cap extends to below red eye; blackish stripe down hindneck; bill greenish-yellow. Winter birds have upperparts, cap, and hindneck medium gray-brown; dark face becomes freckled with white from lores to upper cheek near eye. Usual call is loud, two-noted "keek-kreet."Range: Breeds from central California, Washington, and Prairie Provinces south to s. California, n. New Mexico, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Winters along Pacific Coast from British Columbia southward and in New Mexico and w. Texas.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
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card_30601.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Chen CaerulescensSnow Goose</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 28 in. A fairly large, common goose, most often seen in migration, flying in long wavy lines. Feeds chiefly on rushes and other marsh vegetation, but also searches fields in open country for seeds and grain. Two distinct color phases; dark one, called "Blue" Goose, once considered separate species; rarer in East than white phase. White-phase adults white with black wing tips; bill pink with black "lips"; feet pink. White-phase immature pale sooty gray above, whiter below, with dark bill and feet. "Blue" Goose has dark gray body, white head and neck; belly has variable amount of white; wings gray, with black tips. Immature "Blue" Goose brownish-gray overall, with some white on chin; bill and feet dark. Call a shrill, yelping "uk-uk",or "ark-ark", given in chorus by flocks in flight.Range: Breeds in Alaska and Canadian Arctic. Winters mainly in California, interior Southwest, along Gulf Coast of Texas and Lousiana, and from New Jersey south to Carolinas.</text>
</content>
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<script></script>
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card_30069.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Anser AlbifronsWhite-fronted Goose</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 28 in. A medium-sized goose of open country, freshwater marshes, and salt marshes; most common in Midwest and West, but also seen along southeastern coast in winter. Often feeds in old fields and pastures, sometimes in flocks of thousands. Adults mainly grayish-brown, with large white patch on face and pinkish or orange bill; legs and feet orange; belly variably barred with black; undertail coverts white; white upper-tail coverts visible in flight. Immatures similar; lack white face, black bars on belly. Call a very high-pitched bark: "kla--ha," or "kla-ha-ha," usually given in flight.Range: Breeds in Alaska and Canadian Arctic. Winters from s. British Columbia south to s. California, in Oregon, Idaho, and Nevada, in New Mexico, along Gulf Coast of Texas and Lousiana, and rarely on Atlantic Coast.</text>
</content>
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<script></script>
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card_29899.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Branta CanadensisCanada Goose</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 25-45 in. The most familiar goose in North America; easily recognized even at a distance by the musical honking calls given by V-shaped flocks. Much regional variation, with several distinct races, differing chiefly in size. Frequents corn fields and other open-country environments, as well as marshes and inshore waters, bays, lakes, and rivers. Typical adults have black head and neck, with bright contrasting white patch on cheeks and chin (sometimes stained yellow); body gray; undertail coverts white. Call of larger birds a loud, resonant honking; smaller forms have high pitched yelping notes.Range: Breeds from Alaska and arctic Canada south to California, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Winters from se. Alaska, Utah, Iowa, Pennsylvania, and Maritime Provinces south to Mexico, Gulf Coast, and Florida.</text>
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card_7255.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 6926end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Carduelis PsaltriaLesser Goldfinch</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 4.5 in. A small finch of weedy fields, woodland edges, and second growth; often around houses. Male shows two forms, green-backed or black-backed. Typically in small flocks. Eats mostly seeds. Adult males have green or black back; cap black; wings black with white edging and white patch (most visible in flight) at base of primaries; tail black with inconspicuous white at base; underparts bright yellow. Females greenish above, with white in wings and tail visible in flight; dull yellow below. Immatures similar to females but greener below. Song a high-pitched jumble of twittering notes, not as sweet as American Goldfinch's calls a falling "teee" and a rising or falling "teee-eee."Range: Resident from sw. Washington east to Colorado and central Texas, south to n. South America. Occasionally wanders farther east.</text>
</content>
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<script></script>
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card_37803.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Limosa FedoaMarbled Godwit</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 18 in. A large, tall, long-necked, buff shorebird, with a long, slightly upcurved bill. Wades along water's edge, probing vertically into mud, sand, or beach wrack for small prey. Breeds on prairie potholes. Migrates through various inland wetlands. Breeding adult buff and brown; heavily dotted with buff on brown above and on wings; dull cinnamon underwings; underparts warm buff; finely streaked brown on neck and head; rest of underparts except lower belly thickly covered with fine brown bars; very long, thin, slightly upcurved bill, pink with dark tip; long grayish legs. Winter adult and juvenile similar, but underparts lack bars and may fade to whitish. Typical calls include single or repeated, rising "ker-whit!" and a loud, chanting "radica, radica, radica."Range: Breeds across central Canada south to Montana, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Winters along coasts from California and Virginia south.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_9696.xml
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<script>on mouseUpvisual effect iris closego to card id 6926end mouseUp</script>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Coloptes AuratusNorthern Flicker</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 12.5 in. A common, widespread, rather large woodpecker. Found in most habitats with trees, including gardens and parks. Noisy and conspicuous; frequently seen hopping on fields and lawns. Flickers have a characteristic, rather slow flight, often high off ground (over treetops); wingbeats somewhat irregular, slow, deliberate, flashing color of underwing linings. Male of "Red-Shafted" Flicker form found in most of West, has gray head with brown crown and nape, red mustache stripe; back and upper surface of wings barred grayish-brown and black; rump white; underparts light tan, heavily spotted with black, with black crescent on breast; top of tail black, underside salmon; underwings uniform salmon; bill large, long, and chisel-shaped. Female lacks red mustache stripe. "Gilded" Flicker found in Southwest, similar but with yellow underwings and underside of tail. Calls include a nasal, long, loud series: "wik-wik-wik-wik;" louder, faster, longer, and higher-pitched than similar call of Pileated Woodpecker. Also a piercing, sharply descending whistled "peeahr."Range: Breeds from Alaska east to Quebec and south throughout United States. Northern birds move south in winter.</text>
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card_27539.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 46 in. An unmistakable pink wading bird of southern Florida, with extremely long neck and legs. Flamingos flush seawater through comblike "teeth" within large crooked bill, staining out small creatures; often feed with bill or even entire head submerged in water. In flight, appears exceedingly long-necked; flocks often fly in long lines.Adults rose-pink overall, with long legs and neck; bill heavy, downcurved, pink at base, with black tip. Immatures much paler pink, with grayish tones above. Range: Breeds in West Indies, Galapagos Islands, and Yucatan in Mexico. Regularly wanders to s. Florida.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_34133.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Falco PeregrinusPeregrine Falcon</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 20 in. Large, powerful, highly migratory. Flight swift and direct. In most of United States seen only on migration, when favors coast. Formerly widespread breeder across North America, but virtually eliminated by pesticides except in Far North and parts of West. Small numbers being reintroduced. Feeds primarily on birds. Plumage varies: arctic birds palest, northwestern birds darkest with heaviest pattern on underparts. Adult blue-gray to slaty above; have black cap and bold black mustache (narrowest in arctic birds); whitish to buff below, with barring usually restricted to breast and belly; tail long, banded; eyes dark. Immature dark brown with buff bars above, heavily streaked below; mustache conspicuous.Range: Breeds from n. Alaska and n. Canada south to the Northwest and to Mexico in the Rocky Mountains. Introduced pairs in West and New England. Winters mainly in South America.</text>
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card_32715.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Aquila ChrysaetosGolden Eagle</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 37 in. A huge, soaring bird of hills and open country; widespread and fairly common in West, rare in East. Close to size of Bald Eagle. Often soars with huge, broad wings slightly uplifted. Feeds primarily on rabbits and rodents, sometimes on carrion. Adult entirely brown with golden wash on crown and nape; bill dusky; eyes dark. Immatures and subadults similar, but with white patches at base of primaries (more conspicuous seen from below than above) and white base of tail. Adult plumage usually acquired by fifth year. Range: Breeds from nw. Alaska across Canada and south in the mountains to Texas and Mexico. Isolated population in the Appalachains. Sometimes wanders to mid-Atlantic states. Winters from British Columbia to e. Canada and south into Mexico.</text>
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card_33620.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Haliaeetus LeucocephalusBald Eagle</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 40 in. After California Condor, largest North American raptor. White head and tail of adult unmistakable. Long, broad wings held flat while soaring. Found mostly along seacoasts, large rivers, and lakes. Feeds primarily on fish, occasionally on carrion, small mammals, and waterfowl. Builds massive stick nest, used for several years. Formerly more common in lower 48 states; now recovering in some areas from exposure to DDT and other toxins. Adult brown with white head and tail; huge, yellow bill; yellow feet and eyes. Immatures and subadults brown with varying amounts of white on underwings, body, and tail; bill dusky. Adult plumage usually acquired in fourth or fifth year. Call a series of harsh, squeaky chatters.Range: Breeds in Alaska across s. Canada, the Northwest, Great Lakes region, and locally along Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Winters mostly along rivers south of the Canadian border.</text>
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card_31052.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Anas RubripesAmerican Black Duck</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 23 in. A close relative of the Mallard, often seen with it on lakes and ponds, where a few Black Ducks may be present among a huge flock of Mallards. In such instances, most beginning observers may have difficulty separating this species from the very similar female Mallard. In salt marshes and estuaries, however, American Black Ducks are encountered alone, and are easier to recognize. Adult male dark blackish-brown overall, with somewhat paler head and face; wing linings flashing white, speculum purple; bill yellow; feet and legs red. Female similar with somewhat duller feet and legs, and dark, mottled bill. Calls like those of the Mallard.Breeds from n. Manitoba, n. Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Minnesota, Illinois, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Winters from Kansas, Wisconsin, New Yrk, and New England south to n. Texas, n. Alabama, and South Carolina.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_7925.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Oxyura JamaicensisRuddy Duck</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 15 in. A small, heavy-bodied diving duck with a large bill and long tail. Must patter over water's surface to gain enough momentum for flight. Nests in marshy ponds and lakes; at other seasons, frequents larger resevoirs and inshore waters Often swims with body low in water; neck appears short in flight. Breeding males have black head with bold white cheek patch from blue bill to ear; body deep chestnut; tail long, somewhat darker. Females have dark grayish-brown cap, pale cheeks with dark line below eye, and grayish body. Winter male similar to female, but cheek patch entirely white.Range: Breeds from n. British Columbia, s. Northwest Territories, and w. Ontario south to s. California, w. Texas, and Iowa; also from Great Lakes region east to New England. Winters north to s. British Columbia, Arizona, Texas, Illinois, and s. New England.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_40799.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 11 in. Called the "sewing machine" of the mudflats because it probes for food with a stitching motion of its long bill. Abundant and gregarious. Principally coastal, but also migrates through interior. Medium-length yellow-green to gray legs. Breeding adults have mostly rufous underparts, with variable white from belly to undertail, and variable black spots from neck through sides and flanks; flanks often barred; upperparts blackish with furous edges and bars; tail and rump densely barred; white wedge up middle of back. Winter adults brownish-gray above and from head to breast; white belly; dusky eyestripe and whitish eyebrow; normally faint dark specks on breast. Juveniles black-brown above, with broad rufous-buff edges; rufous-buff spots and lines with dark tertials and scapulars; most of underparts buff with many faint speckles. Typical call a low, mellow "tu-tu-tu"; but any number of notes given.Range: Breeds locally from s. Alaska across n. Canada to Labrador. Winters on coasts from n. California and North Carolina southward.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_44987.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Zenaida MacrouraMourning Dove</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 12 in. Our most widespread and common native dove. Found in open woodlands, many upland habitats, urban and suburban areas; common at feeders. Long, pointed, white-edged tail distinctive in flight. Wings whistle on takeoff. Gregarious. Usually feeds on ground, primarily on seeds. Adults brown above with somewhat darker tail and wings, latter with dark spots; nape and sides of neck with purple sheen; underparts grayish with pink wash; tail long, pointed, edged with white; black spot on side of head; bill dark. Juvenile scaled and spotted on wings and breast, without pink wash on underparts; resembles adult by first winter. A mournful cooing familiar to many: "who-ooh, who-who-who." Second note rises sharply; others on same pitch. First two notes often not heard.Range: Breeds from Alaska across Canada and south throughout entire United States. Some northern birds move south in winter.</text>
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<script></script>
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card_43983.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Columba LiviaRock Dove</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 12.5 in. A large, stocky pigeon, introduced from the Old World, now common to abundant in cities, towns, and agricultural areas. Plumage highly variable; wild form has dark head, gray body and wings, but many color forms are seen, including nearly all-white, black, reddish-brown, or speckled. Commonly roosts and nests on man-made structures. Typical wild-types have dark, iridescent head; paler, gray body and wings with two dark wing bars; whitish rump; gray tail with dark tip. Immatures resemble adults. Soft cooing notes, sometimes rolled.Range: From Alaska across s. Canada throughout United States to South America.</text>
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card_9235.xml
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>1</id>
<text>Cinclus MexicanusDipper</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 7.5 in. A large plump wren. Common in the West along cold, rushing mountain streams; forages for insect larvae and small fish by diving and swimming under water. Rapidly bobs short tail, and teeters on boulders; flies swiftly close to surface of water. Breeding adults are a uniform slate-gray overall, except for a brown tinge on the head. Winter adults and juveniles faintly tinged with brown above, and buff-white below; juveniles paler overall, with broader white edgings on underparts. Call a loud "dzeet", usually given when flushed. Song a wrenlike series of trills and flutelike whistles given year-round; occasionally sings at night.Range: Resident from Alaska south along Pacific Coast east to the Rockies and Black Hills of South Dakota.</text>
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card_45838.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 17.5 in. A familiar species found almost everywhere, but in very large numbers in areas associated with man's activities, such as farmland, cities and towns and rural roadsides. Highly gregarious; can occur in very large flocks, especially at nightly roosting areas in nonbreeding season. Adults entirely black with rather stout bill and legs; tail squared and slightly fan-shaped. Immatures resemble adults. Call a familiar, slightly descending "caw."Range: Breeds from north-central British Columbia east to Newfoundland and south to California, e. Texas, and Florida. Winters throughout most of United States.</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 6.25 in. A sparrow-sized finch of coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the North and West. Feeds chiefly on pinecones, which it pries open with crossed mandibles; wanders erratically in winter according to supply of cones, and occurs far south of usual range in winters when cones are scarce. May nest as early as January in some parts of range. Often calls in flight. Plumage variable. Typical adult males dull orange-red with dark wings and tail. Typical adult females grayish-olive or yellowish-olive with dull yellow rump and underparts;dark wings and tail. Immatures resemble adults but duller and streaked. Flight call usually two or three "jip" or "kip" notes Song of whistled, trilled, warbled notes and phrases, often doubled or tripled.Range: Se. Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to northern Great Lakes region, and n. New York and New England. Winters south to central United States.</text>
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<text>Certhia AmericanaBrown Creeper</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 5.5 in. Like a tiny brown woodpecker, clings to vertical surfaces of tree trunks and limbs. Slender, with long, stiff tail; uses thin, slightly curved bill to probe crevices for tiny insects. Cryptically colored and inconspicuous; creeps up trunks, often in spiral fashion; generally starts at base of a tree and works up. Adults have brown upperparts streaked with buff; underparts off-white; thin whitish eyeline; bill very thin and slightly but noticeably downcurved. Song a short, high-pitched, thin, almost warblerlike song. Call a single, very lisping "seep"; ocasionally a "seet-seet."Range: Breeds from se. Alaska to Newfoundland, south in mountains to Central America and w. North Carolina; s. Wisconsin east to New England. Winters south to Gulf Coast and central Florida.</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 52 in. An extremely rare, very large white wading bird of freshwater marshes and open-country wetlands. Unmistakable in flight, with head and neck held straight out, feet trailing behind, and wingspan of more than seven feet; wings flap slowly down, then more rapidly upward. Parties of three or four feed together, usually taking small fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks. Adults white with black wing tips; neck long, straight; bare patch of red skin on crown and along jaw; feet and legs dark. Females usually somewhat smaller than males. Immatures washed with cinnamon or rust; white on belly and wings. Gives a musical "ker-loo, ker-loo"; may carry for more than a mile. Male and female also give"duet."Range: Nests in west-central Canada and migrates to Aransas National Wildlife Refuge on coast of Texas. New population nests in Rocky Mountains of Idaho and migrates to New Mexico. </text>
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<text>Fulica AmericanaAmerican Coot</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 15 in. An abundant and conspicuous swimming bird; ubiquitous on fresh water, also winters on salt water. Usually oblivious to humans, but occasionally panics. Plump, odd-looking, with oversized yellow-green feet and lobed toes. Clumsy, fluttery flight after a running takeoff from water. Feeds at surface or by diving. Adult slate-gray with black head and neck; white-and-black shield, normally topped by dusky red "callus"; dusky red spot near tip of both mandibles; narrow white stripe along trailing edge of wing shows only in flight. Juvenile smaller and paler gray; initially has much whitish below and on head; white frontal shield and white bill color develop gradually. Downy chick blackish with coarse orange-red down on head and neck, yellow down on back; bill red with white tip. Calls varied; mostly raucous, grating croaks and cackles, repetitious squawks, hoarse squeals, soft clucking. Vocal at all times.Range: Breeds across Canada and south to California and Florida. Winters from British Columbia to California, east to Massachusetts and south to Gulf Coast and Florida. Absent inland from much of Northeast. </text>
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<text>Parus CarolinensisCarolina Chickadee</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 4.5 in. Nearly identical to the Black-capped Chickadee, but distinctly smaller and lacking the conspicuous white area in the wing created by the white feather edges. The voice is notably different. The "chickadee" call of this species is higher pitched and more rapid than that of the Black-cap. The 2-noted whistle is replaced by a 4-syllabled "fee-bee, feebay."Range: Resident from southern edge of range of Black-capped Chickadee in New Jersey, Ohio, Missouri, Oklahoma, south to Florida, Gulf Coast. </text>
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<text>Field Marks: 5.25 in. A small, very active, and common bird; frequent visitor to bird feeders. Tame and inquisitive; its arrival in woods, thickets, brush, and residential areas usually signals the presence of other forest birds that accompany chickadees in mixedspecies foraging flocks. Adults have black bib and cap, large white cheeks, gray upperparts, whitish underparts,; a tinge of rust on flanks and sides. Immatures similar. Call a dry "chick-a-dee-dee" or "dee-dee-dee. Song a simple, clear, whistled "dee dee," first note higher.Range: Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to n. California, n. Oklahoma, and n. New Jersey.</text>
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<text>Aythya ValisineriaCanvasbacks</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 21 in. A large duck with distinctive sloping forehead and long bill. Fast in flight; often migrates in V-shaped flocks. Most often seen on inland lakes, freshwater marshes, inland freshwater bays, and other areas rich in aquatic plant life. Males have chestnut head and neck; long, sloping black bill; breast and rear end black; upperparts whitish; white wing linings visible in flight. Females have paler brown head, neck, and breast;bill black and long; upperparts pale grayish; wing linings pale.Range: Breeds from Alaska, Northwest Territories, and Manitoba south to n. California, Colorado, nw. Iowa, and s. Minnesota. Winters north to British Columbia, Arizona, Missouri, Great Lakes, and s. New England. </text>
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<text>Colinus VirginianusNorthern Bobwhite</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 9.75 in. A small, plump, reddish-brown bird, named for its well-known call. Primarily in East, where only native quail; introduced in parts of West. Common in open woods, brushy areas, field edges; in coveys in fall and winter. Feeds on ground, chiefly on seeds, grain, fruit. When flushed, flies on noisy wings then glides to cover. Male reddish-brown above and on sides, lighter below with scaling and spotting; head blackish with white throat and broad, white eyebrow; heavy black-and-white necklace; tail short, dark. Female duller, with buff throat and eyebrow. Immatures similar. Male's territorial call a clear, whistled, rising "bob-white" or "bob-bob-white." Both sexes give whistled notes.Range: Resident from Kansas and Texas east to Massachusetts and Florida.</text>
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<text>Euphagus CarolinusRusty Blackbird</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 9 in. A medium sized blackbird that breeds near water in spruce bogs across the northern portion of the continent. Frequently seen in small groups with other blackbirds; prefers pool margins and other wet areas in farmland; also woodland. Has slim, pointed, somewhat mockingbirdlike bill. Breeding males are dull black with yellow eyes. Breeding females dark gray with black lores and yellowish eyes. In fall and winter both sexes have extensive rusty edgings on the upperparts, prominent buff eyebrows, and black lores. Immatures are similar to winter adults, but paler cinnamon-buff below, browner above. Call a harsh "shack." Song a squeaky "kish-a-lee," like a creaking hinge.Range: Breeds from Alsaka east to Newfoundland and south to central British Columbia and n. New England. Winters from s. North Dakota east to New Jersey and south to Gulf Coast and Florida.</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 8.75 in. A common species of wet fields, meadows, and marshes. Males quite conspicuous, with jet-black plumage and fiery red shoulders frequently flared in territorial display. Highly gregarious in winter; often found in open fields with other species of blackbirds. Adult males black, except for bright red shoulder patch bordered on bottom by buff-yellow; red not always visible when perched. Females and immatures heavily streaked with dark gray-brown on underparts; some show red on shoulder. Song a loud, forced "konk-a-ree." Calls include a low "chuck" and a metallic "kink." This bird builds its nest in low bushes on the margin of ponds or low in the bog grass of marshes. From three to five pale-blue eggs, curiously streaked, spotted, and scrawled with black or purple, constitute a brood. Nursery duties are soon finished, for in July the young birds are ready to gather in flocks with their elders.Range: Breeds from central Alaska east to s. Newfoundland and south throughout United States. Winters from s. British Columbia and s. New England southward.</text>
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<text>Field Marks: 9.5 in. A common, loud, conspicuous blackbird of freshwater marshes and nearby farmlands. Often detected by harsh, loud rasping and squeaking calls coming from dense reeds. Gregarious; often seen with other species of blackbirds. Adult males have black body, white wing patch; entire head and upper breast rich yellow except for black around eye. Female brownish with dull yellow breast and throat. Juvenile similar to female but paler. Song a loud, raspy note followed by a long sound like a squeaky hinge. Call a low, harsh "cruck."Range: Breeds from central British Columbia east to Wisconsin, south to s. California and w. Illinois. Winters from California to w. Texas, occasionally to Florida and along Atlantic coast. </text>
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<text>This stack contains birds that I have Thunderscanned from various sources. It also describes the field marks and general range of the bird. It is a sequel to "The Bird Stack." All new birds are featured here. An index has been added. Just "click" on the bird's name in the index to go to that bird's card. All I ask for my many hours of work, is five dollars. With your support, I will continue to make more clip-art/educational stacks like this one. Please send $5.00 to Richard J. Wald, 1901 S. Goyer Road Apt 51, Kokomo, Indiana, 46902. Additional stacks and Macpaint format Clip-Art disks are available from myself. Click on the "Info" button below for ordering information. Note: No Companies that sell public domain and shareware may include this stack on any of their disks without my express permission. Thank you. I can be contacted on GEnie. Address is: R.Wald </text>
